差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

升息壓力衝擊市場,今年美股ETF投資者應該如何投資佈局?

近年來,ETF產品規模在迅速上漲,ETF相關的投資日益受到投資者的關注,尤其是新興市場ETF,較高的國家增長率也為投資者帶來更高回報。不過,投資這些市場也意味著承受一定風險,包括新興市場通常股票更容易波動 ;容易受到地緣政治、貨幣和治理風險的影響等。

 

相對而言,美股ETF發展極為成熟,表現穩健性高,同樣受到全球投資者青睞,尤其是個人投資者。今天,我們主要談談美股ETF的特點,以及目前哪些產品表現更優異,希望能為開始接觸ETF的投資者提供更多信息。

 

ETF名為 “交易型開放式指數基金”,是一種追踪特定指數,是獲證券及期貨事務監察委員會(證監會)認可,而又在交易所買賣的基金。 ETF買賣程序和花費與一般股票類似,只不過買的不是個別股票,而是以基金的形式,相當於投資者買一隻ETF就購買了這個指數的所有成份股。

 

在多樣性方面,美股ETF的優勢顯而易見,數量、類型和規模上全球領先,目前市場發展極為成熟。 Wind數據顯示,美國ETF數量超2000只,最新資產規模超過6.25萬億美元,產品類型覆蓋股票、債券、大宗商品、房地產、外彙和波動率等,甚至還包括反向ETF、槓桿ETF等特殊品種。

 

其次,穩定性更佳,更加適合個人投資者和剛入門的投資者操作。根據深交所發布的全球ETF行業發展年度報告顯示,過去10年美國ETF年均複合增長率達到18.4%。加上ETF具有分散風險的特點,適合中長線的投資,投資者可將其當作定投資產長期持有,同時持有幾隻流通性好的ETF,更好地分散投資風險。由於美股ETF透明度高,和股票市場相同,可以進行實時價格的交易。

 

不過,眾多投資者普遍較為擔心美國國內的通脹問題,如今全球面臨升息的浪潮,美聯儲此前已經宣布加速縮減購債和今年內將啟動多輪加息,也為股票市場前景帶來較大不確定性,難免會讓投資者擔心會影響到ETF的表現。首席美股策略師對市場作出警告,在美聯儲最近幾個加息週期中,首次加息後的三個月內,預計標普大盤將平均下跌6%。價值、週期、高質量股票往往在加息開啟後半年內跑贏大盤,但是高估值的成長股同期表現最差。

 

在通脹高企的情況下,建議投資者在選股的時候留意地產、金融相關的特別股,相信這些是將受惠升息的概念股,能夠幫助整體投資組合對抗通脹,去年這些類型的ETF也表現優異。如果通脹問題之後變得更加嚴峻,投資者還可以考慮選擇穩定配息收益的地產 ETF。其實,正是美股多樣性的特徵,才能夠更加靈活、有效地應對複雜的市場變化。

 

在選股方面,去年表現較好的ETF主要集中在能源ETF,相信今年這樣的趨勢會持續。受疫情影響全球供應鏈緊張、需求不斷擴大、俄烏之間軍事衝突等因素影響,原油期貨價格持續走高,市場人士也普遍看好今年的原油市場。不過,值得一提的是,海運ETF是去年漲幅最高的ETF類型,跟踪波羅的海幹散貨指數(BDI)的Breakwave Dry Bulk Shipping ETF,去年累計上漲超244%。由於供應鏈緊張情況不會短期緩和,疫情持續在蔓延,就今年來看,未來全球可用乾散貨、集裝箱船舶數量依然緊俏,預計BDI今年的表現仍可觀,投資者可以密切留意。

 

除了上述的ETF板塊類型,其他大宗商品、銀行、運輸等美股ETF亦有較好的投資前景,選擇類型豐富。在股票市場面臨較大不確定性的時期,往往也是選擇ETF對沖風險的最佳機會,尤其是在短期走勢波動的情況下,買入帶槓桿的ETF也有利於保護現有資產。

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