差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

高通脹席捲環球金融市場,投資者需要如何調整資產配置?

從疫情時期的量化寬鬆到各國央行轉鷹紛紛採取緊縮的貨幣政策,再到俄烏戰爭對各國物價的新一輪衝擊,各國的通脹問題都出現了一些新的變化。 如果通脹問題難解,對於未來的環球金融市場會造成哪些隱患?

投資者在近期的資產配置選擇上需要作出什麼調整? 今天我們就來談談讓各國央行高層棘手的通脹。

美國

首先來看美國,美國4月通脹率為8.3%,較3月回落0.2個百分點,是自去年8月以來首次放緩,但是這個數值仍處於高位並超出了此前市場所預期的8.10%,這也讓投資者擔憂通脹沒有真正見頂回落。

從分部數據看,消費者支出方向正在轉向,食品價格和服務業漲幅加快,食品同比上漲9.4%,環比上漲0.9%。 不計能源服務的服務業價格同比上漲4.9%,環比上漲0.7%,其中交通運輸價格同比上漲8.5%,環比上漲3.1%。

正如我們此前預計,國際油價會在今年較長時間處於高位震蕩。 能源分部之所以小幅回落主要由於汽油價格小幅回落,由於煉油成本激增,這也支撐了隨後汽油價格便重返高位。 由此可見,能源分部也沒有真正出現價格回落的趨勢,相反還會有上漲的動力。

美國當前難以抑制的通脹走勢也增加了市場對美聯儲接下來的緊縮政策會更加鷹派的猜想,分部數據所反映的現實是美國通脹還沒有被徹底控制的跡象。 未來美聯儲若更加激進的加息一方面會增加市場對於經濟衰退的憂慮,加劇股市的低迷,另一方面會刺激美元持續上漲,或會令金價持續承壓。

英國

英國可以說在通脹問題上和美國是難兄難弟,英國的情況比美國似乎更加糟糕,俄烏戰爭持續推高大宗商品價格,帶動能源、食品、原材料、運輸價格一路飆升。 英國3月的通脹率攀升至7.0%,環比上漲0.8%,市場普遍認為這一數位還會繼續上升。

英國央行行長安德魯•貝利本周對媒體表示他無法阻止英國今年通脹率升至10%,承認在食品價格上漲問題上發出了“預示大災變的聲音”,暗示英國經濟有出現衰退的風險。 幾乎令市場沒有懸念的是英國央行在本月連續加息4次,將基準利率上調25個基點至1%。

由於英國通脹的走勢仍不樂觀,繼續加息的步伐在短時間可能無法停止,有市場人士預計在 2022 年底英國利率或將上調至 2%-2.25%,處於經濟衰退的考慮許多經濟學家預計利率不會那麼激進。 受經濟前景憂慮,英鎊在近期出現暴跌,加上對俄羅斯的進一步經濟制裁加劇市場的避險情緒,繼續推升美元上漲,令英鎊進入下行趨勢。

日本

就連一直以來保持低迷通脹水準的日本通脹水準也直線飆升,3月份東京消費者價格指數CPI同比上漲0.8%。 本周日本將公佈4月CPI數據,市場預期為上漲2%,或將罕見地觸及到日本央行的目標水準。

日本通脹飆升主要受到了能源和原材料價格上升的影響,其中石油和煤炭價格是主要推動因素,較去年同期上漲31%; 木材和木製品價格也飆升了56%左右。 與此同時,日本4月生產者價格指數(PPI)同比上漲10%,超過預期的9.4%,為1980年12月以來的最大漲幅。

隨著通脹飆升,近期日元開啟了貶值潮,變相推高了企業的進口成本,從而轉嫁消費者。 市場預計日本今年的通脹水準會維持在2%的水準,高通脹或令企業進一步提升商品價格,對日本經濟復甦造成拖累。 日本市場人士也開始重新審視日本央行多年來一直貫徹超寬鬆貨幣政策,但是正是因為這樣的政策已經持續多年,令日本央行對於通脹的政策應對可能會相較英美等國家更加遲緩。

面對今年以來席捲全球市場的「高通脹」問題,投資者也需要及時作出部署。 在高通脹的環境中可以考慮選擇一些抗通脹的資產避險,包括資源、能源、銀行、房地產信託基金等類型的公司都是較為理想的投資標的,不過鑒於美元持續上升,近期對黃金的投資需要更加審慎,同時也要格外留意各國央行為應對通脹採取的政策對該國貨幣匯率帶來的波動。

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