差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

國際油價重挫後反彈,震蕩背後釋放出哪些市場擔憂?

近日,國際油價走勢動蕩成為市場關注的焦點,受到美國能源資訊局下調今年全球石油及液體燃料的需求以及沙特下調亞洲原油售價的雙重影響,WTI原油在5月9日一度重挫逾7%之後,又於5月10日再跌3.46%至日內低位98.91美元,兩天的累計跌幅達到了11%。

不過,由於市場仍存在對於原油供應的擔憂,5月11日WTI原油快速反彈近6%至105.71美元。 由此可見對於原油來說供給側的壓力並沒有徹底消失,而且一旦需求得到改善,經濟環境好轉后,可能仍會出現原油供不應求。 因此油價在供需之間的拉鋸還會持續,和當前一樣的高位震蕩局面預計在今年還會持續。

市場的擔憂主要有哪些?

從需求端來看,美國等國家近期大規模釋放石油儲備,從5月開始,美國將連續6個月從戰略石油儲備中每日釋放100萬桶原油,這對於早前供不應求的原油起到了暫時的補給作用,加上市場擔憂中國疫情嚴重進一步打擊了對原油的需求,令油價走勢在本周前半段呈現疲軟。

此外,美聯儲5月加息50個基點後美股持續跌勢,市場風險偏好下降,由於市場擔憂進入加息周期之後緊縮的貨幣政策可能對美國經濟產生打擊,從而有出現衰退的風險,因此受到市場情緒的影響,加劇了稍早前原油價格的下行幅度。

oil price

從供給端來看,市場正在消化歐洲國家對俄羅斯的新一輪制裁措施,其中包括此前爭議巨大的石油禁運,這也助推了隨後油價的反彈。 由於未來對俄羅斯的制裁可能還會繼續,對原油供應的影響或將會持續較長的時間。 石油輸出國組織秘書長巴爾金多4月11日指出,由於當前以及未來的相關制裁行動,可能會導致俄羅斯原油出口每天減少700萬桶,考慮到當前的需求前景,想要彌補這部分的缺口幾乎是不可能的。

由於油價與通膨飆升,OPEC+方面一直面臨來自美國等消費國要求的增產壓力,但是其沒有改變維持6月小幅增產的決定,而且該組織23 個成員國在4月未達到其生產配額每日259萬桶,可以預見在短期內原油供應依然無法滿足全球需求,這也是支撐油價的重要因素。

供給和需求的拉鋸延續震蕩

正是由於市場對於供給側和需求側的擔憂同時存在,並且伴隨消息面的變化,兩者相互交疊出現,導致了近段時間油價走勢的持續高位震蕩。 這讓能源股在近期低迷的美股市場逆勢走高,標普500能源類股今年至今上漲40%,其中沙烏地阿美石油公司今年迄今更是漲幅高達 27% 以上,跑贏蘋果等眾多科技巨頭,一舉奪下全球第一大市值公司的寶座。

由於俄烏之間的爭端在短時間內可能還不會有定案,如果未來中國疫情和美國經濟都得到較好改善,市場對於需求端的擔憂會逐漸消散,供不應求依然將是國際原油市場主要面對的挑戰,也會在較長的未來繼續支撐油價保持高位。

從目前來看,未來若受到利好消息推動,能源股仍然有進一步上行的空間。 同時,在大市持續低迷或持續波動的情況下,能源股也成為了眾多投資者的避險版塊選擇。

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