差价合约是复杂的金融交易产品,可带来由杠杆作用而导致迅速亏损的高风险。大部分的零售投资者帐户在跟交易差价合约时录得资金亏损。您应当考虑您是否充分明白差价合约如何运作,以及您是否能承受您的资金损失的高风险。

英央行决议重磅来袭!为何加息步伐停不下来?

英国央行决议公布最新政策走向,早前已经有很多市场人士押注英央行会在此次会议中再度加息。实际上,在12月16日,英格兰银行议息会议就宣布将基准利率从0.1%提升至0.25%,成为自新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来首个加息的主要经济体央行。自俄乌战争爆发至今,能源价格飙升也令英国的通胀超出市场预期,增加了英央行再度加息的可能性。

 

通货膨胀直线上升

市场新闻都在关注美国不断上涨的通胀率的时候,英国的通胀率也出现了直线上升的趋势。随着防疫限制措施解除,英国经济正在快速复苏,英国1月居民消费价格指数(CPI)按年增长率升至5.5%,创30年来新高,这已经是英国通胀率出人意料地第4个月大幅上升,远远超出了市场的预期以及目标的2%水平。不过,市场认为目前英国的通胀率还并没有见顶。

为了抑制持续飙升的通胀率,英央行已经在2月3日再度加息25个基点至0.5%。在今晚的会议中会迎来第三次加息吗?路透在2月7日至11日的调查显示,近三分之二的受访者预计英国央行在今晚会议上将升息25个基点至0.75%。如果预测成真,这将成为自1997年以来,英国央行首次连续三次会议提高利率。

在2月的会议中4名英格兰银行货币政策委员会倾向于将银行利率提高0.5个百分点,直接至0.75%。因此,也有交易员预计有50%的可能性此次会议会决定加息50个基点,但这是英央行从未实行过的政策。

伴随加息而来的还有更多紧缩政策,英央行在其首次加息的时候已经开始计划缩减其8950亿英镑的债券购买计划,不过当时维持购债规模不变。市场已经准备迎接英格兰银行的债券购买计划逆转,并预计英央行最早从 3 月开始缩减资产负债表,所以缩表的进度以及具体开始的时点也会是今晚会议的另一大焦点。

 

再度加息概率大增

俄乌战争爆发后,英国的能源价格大幅上升,加剧了目前的通胀水平。据英国央行的智囊团预测,消费者价格通胀将在 4 月达到高水平 7.25% 左右,并预计家庭能源关税将较乌克兰危机前期间上涨愈一半。所以,预计英央行加息的步伐不会停下来,有市场人士预计英央行将在3月和5月的会议上累计升息75个基点,2022年或加息2至4次。

 

UK-inflation-monetary-policy

(来源:路透社对英国通货膨胀率及货币政策的预测)

 

从经济增长角度,英国的经济复苏情况优于市场预期。英国1月GDP环比增长0.8%,大幅超出市场预期值的0.1%以及前值-0.2%;GDP同比增长10%,高于预期9.3%以及前值6%。英国的市场需求或进一步得到释放,推动各行业全面复苏。

在截至1月份的三个月内,英国失业率降至3.9%,为2020年年初以来的最低水平。劳动力不足意味着加剧商品供应短缺,从而加剧通胀上行风险,这也可能会加速英央行在今年内将利率提高到2%的水平。因此,英国失业率数据也成为了近期市场关注的重要数据。

自英国央行加息后,英镑维持看涨趋势,这有利于支撑英镑兑欧元及其他国家货币,但由于美联储也启动加息,英镑兑美元的涨幅可能比较有限。

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