差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

歐洲央行利率決議即將揭曉!高通脹會推動加息步伐嗎?

今晚,歐洲央行將公佈利率決議,目前歐洲的通脹已經高於5%,並且短期內通脹水平難以回落。一直以來,歐洲延續了疫情時期寬鬆的貨幣政策,但是歐央行此時或許不得不被迫轉向較為鷹派的措施,以抑制高企的通脹。歐洲央行2月貨幣政策會議紀顯示,成員們一致認為,寬鬆貨幣政策的規模應該開始縮減。

在去年12月中旬的會議中,歐央行維持三大利率不變,基準利率維持在0.000%不變,存款利率維持在-0.500%不變,但決定逐漸退出疫情時期的刺激政策,並將在2022年3月底停止1.85萬億歐元(合2.1萬億美元)的大流行病緊急資產收購計劃(PEPP)。

隨著歐央行3月開始逐漸調整政策方向,市場格外關註今晚的會議中是否會公佈更為鷹派的措施,以及是否會提及加息的次數和時點。

 

通脹難以短期回落的歐洲市場

由於新冠變種病毒持續在歐洲傳播,加上地緣政治緊張誘發能源價格升高以及供需失衡,今年歐洲經濟增長將有所放緩,通脹率較預期更高。歐盟執委會2月上調今年歐洲通脹率至3.5%,但是其相信隨著能源價格的回落,明年歐洲的通脹壓力可能會下降,預計今年第四季通脹將回落至2.1%,2023年會進一步下降。

不過,歐洲經濟前景似乎並不樂觀,歐盟公佈的2月份CPI顯示,歐元區通脹從1月份的5.1%躍升至5.8%,核心CPI從2.3%上升至2.7%。這一數據遠遠高於歐央行的目標通脹率為2%。伴隨通脹高企的是經濟增長放緩,摩根大通已將歐洲今年經濟增長預測削減近一個百分點,目前預計歐洲GDP今年將增長3.2%,而預計第二季度經濟增長幾乎為零。

實際上,歐洲的通脹壓力會逐步回落的判斷還為時過早,這還取決於能源供應的是否在短期能跟上需求。就目前而言,歐洲經濟和通脹的前景仍面臨較大不確定性。俄羅斯是歐洲天然氣主要的供應國,俄氣的輸送管道經過烏克蘭,俄烏的軍事衝突是否會進一步升級,取決於雙方談判的最終結果。若未來雙方戰爭持續,會進一步推升歐洲的天然氣價格,通脹水平也有繼續攀升的可能。

 

今年歐央行是否會選擇加息?

目前歐洲面臨經濟增長有所放緩和通脹居高不下的兩難處境,為了避免利率上升導致經濟進一步放緩,歐洲央行行長拉加德早前表示,歐央行不會在結束購債計劃之前開始加息,並稱任何政策調整都將是循序漸進。

此外,受烏克蘭地緣政治影響,歐元兌美元進一步下跌,並觸及2022年的新低,正位於1.082附近。然而,由於油價每上升10%,將令歐洲通脹升溫0.2至0.3個百分點,因此歐洲的通脹上行風險正在增加。這讓市場開始預測歐央行可能會在今晚的會議中釋放更加鷹派的信號,並且加快啟動緊縮政策,同時市場也關注歐央行對於最近俄烏局勢緊張令歐洲通脹飆升的回應。

至於加息時點的最終到來,則需要綜合考慮加息對歐洲經濟和金融市場造成的打擊程度,以及地緣政治局勢的最新變化。據路透社 3 月 1 日至 4 日對經濟學家展開的調查,多數經濟學家預計歐洲央行將等到今年年底才會推出10 年以來的首次加息。而市場人士普遍預計歐洲央行將在12月加息25個基點,此前預計為2023年2月加息。

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