差价合约是复杂的金融交易产品,可带来由杠杆作用而导致迅速亏损的高风险。大部分的零售投资者帐户在跟交易差价合约时录得资金亏损。您应当考虑您是否充分明白差价合约如何运作,以及您是否能承受您的资金损失的高风险。

美国3月通胀飙至40年峰值,对零售销售影响有多大?

美国劳工部本周公布了3月消费者物价指数(CPI),较去年同期增8.5%,涨幅为1981年12月以来之首,再次刷新高位。今晚,市场关注的另一个数据美国3月零售销售月率也将公布,本月的环比预测值为上升0.6%。市场普遍担忧如此高的通胀水平之下将沉重打击消费者的信心,令其减少消费支出,从而加速经济的衰退。

 

回顾上一个月的零售销售额已经有放缓的迹象,美国2月零售销售额环比上升0.3%,预期0.4%,前值修正值为4.9%,2月该数据也表明通胀的增长限制了购买力。那么,在这个月情况会不会更加糟糕?

 

2月的零售销售数据或许释放出一个信号,美国购买商品的人数在减少,而他们是美国经济增长与复苏的动力所在。但是,本月通胀水平继续飙升至40年新高,对购买力形成新一轮的压力,尤其是受利率上升影响较大的房地产行业,高房价加上高利率让许多美国人只能暂时望而却步。

 

说到通胀对消费者支出的限制,我们还要关心一个关键变量就是美国居民的工资增长率。据美国政府数据显示,美国3月份新增就业人数43.1万人,虽保持强劲但增幅不及市场预期,失业率进一步下降,从3.8%降至3.6%。不过,美国3月份实际薪资呈现下滑局面,平均周薪较去年同期下降14.25美元或3.6%,较上月下降1.1%,至381.59美元。可以看出,目前美国居民工资的增长远远无法跟上物价的增长水平,这也成为了消费者购买力的限制因素之一。

 

us non-farm-payrolls(来源:TRADINGECONOMICS)

 

同时,供应链紧张问题还在加剧,进一步推升物价,供应端复苏难以跟上需求复苏的速度。在3月份,能源价格同比上涨11%,创2005年以来最大同比涨幅;汽油价格同比上涨18.3%,为2009年以来的最大同比涨幅。除了能源和贵金属价格上升之外,3月食品价格大涨8.8%,涨幅达40年来最大,而俄乌战争加剧了粮食供应的短缺,未来食品价格还有可能继续攀升。

 

由于2月零售销售的增长已经不及市场预期,如果本月再不及市场预期,就说明现时的通胀水平已经对消费者支出产生一定的抑制作用。加之,上月的美国密歇根大学3月消费者信心指数也不及市场预期,终值为59.4,然而本月消费者信心指数的市场预计值为59,较上月终值更低,这也反映出消费者情绪的低迷。

 

值得注意的是,伴随今晚3月零售销售月率发布的还有美国4月密歇根大学消费者信心指数初值,相信这两组数据会较为全面和直观的反映本月进一步攀升的通胀是否影响消费者的购买意欲。

 

鉴于通胀的大幅攀升,美联储很可能在接下来的会议中采取更加激进的加息措施,防止高昂的物价持续侵蚀国内的购买力,从而令美国经济陷入衰退的风险。市场目前已经开始消化对加息的押注,叠加各大公司正在努力控制成本对Q1财报季造成的影响,预计短期内美股大幅走高的可能性不大。

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