差价合约是复杂的金融交易产品,可带来由杠杆作用而导致迅速亏损的高风险。大部分的零售投资者帐户在跟交易差价合约时录得资金亏损。您应当考虑您是否充分明白差价合约如何运作,以及您是否能承受您的资金损失的高风险。

美联储会议纪要引市场猜测,加息终点已经快要到来?

本周市场瞩目的美联储会议纪要出炉,从内容上看基本符合市场预期,但是也出现了一些从未公布过的新信息,我们就来梳理一下本次会议纪要的重点。

对于加息的次数和幅度,此次会议纪要有了一个大致的指引,称多数与会者认为在接下来的两次会议上,每次升息50个基点可能是合适的。市场也打消了此前对于美联储是否会激进升息75个基点的猜测,并且官员们认为美国经济非常强劲,在政策上也正在努力抑制通胀。随着会议纪要的公布,美股暂时结束跌势。

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美联储研究人员很罕见地上调了通胀预期,估计个人消费支出价格指数在2022年将上升4.3%,但将2023年和2024年的预期分别下调至2.5%和2.1%。这一举动也增加了市场对于加息次数的猜测,有关加息放缓或者在不远的未来将要停止的猜测开始在市场中出现。

虽然较多市场人士预计的未来两次会议美联储会延续此前加息的幅度,但是市场已经开始讨论结束加息的时点,其中认为9月和12月的人数最多。此前股市由于零售企业业绩重挫而遭遇巨震,也让更多的美国企业、投资者担忧经济的前景,持续的加息减少了企业投资的意欲,是否会令美国经济陷入衰退。

我们也需要注意的重点是,通胀是否真的能够如期下调至美联储所希望的区间?能源价格一直在高位震荡,未来走势仍然不明朗,加上强劲的工资增长还是赶不上通胀的升幅,为企业成本带来更大的压力,成本上升可能会带来商品价格上升,演变成加剧通胀上行的恶性循环。所以对于美国来说,平抑通胀之路中要攻克的困难还有很多。短期来说,虽然市场上出现了鸽派的预测,但是紧缩的货币政策仍然占据着主导位置。

在此次公布的会议纪要中,所有官员都支持要开始缩表计划,并且明确了缩表的时间表。从6月1日开始,美国国债持有量将被允许每月减少300亿美元, 9月份缩减幅度将扩大至每月600亿美元,而抵押贷款支持证券的持有量开始阶段将每月减少175亿美元,日后降幅将增至350亿美元。这就意味着无论是短端利率和长端利率都将有进一步上行的压力,下半年信贷成本会进一步上升。

至于美股走向,投资者需要留意美股后市可能面临的震荡风险,在加息周期之中,市场对于美国经济下滑的担忧并没有真正消失,尤其是受到更大成本压力的零售股仍然面临着通胀的持续冲击以及遭抛售的风险,加上俄乌之间的局势对供应链和能源价格的影响或将持续扰乱美股市场,这些都将增加市场对于美股近期下行的押注。

另一方面,美元走向更加明朗,受到未来两次会议预计将继续升息的消息支持,美元反弹结束了此前的跌势。从目前来看,因为整体加息和缩表的方向没有改变,即使没有市场加息幅度不像早前预计的那么激进,消息面上短期可能会对美元形成推升作用。但是长期来说,还要看未来升息之后美国经济的反应,由于市场仍担心美联储持续加息政策导致经济“硬着陆”,成为美元长期走势稳定的不利因素。

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