差价合约是复杂的金融交易产品,可带来由杠杆作用而导致迅速亏损的高风险。大部分的零售投资者帐户在跟交易差价合约时录得资金亏损。您应当考虑您是否充分明白差价合约如何运作,以及您是否能承受您的资金损失的高风险。

美国物价指数或继续升,加息走向会如何转变?

今晚,美国即将公布2月份的个人消费支出(PCE)物价指数,市场普遍预计2月份PCE物价指数将年增6.4%,核心PCE物价指数也将年增5.5%,均预期会继续上升。不仅如此,市场估计用于衡量通胀的美国消费者物价指数在3月份将按年涨8.4%,第一季消费者物价指数将年增9%。可见,美国的物价仍处于上升通道,并没有见顶的势头。

由于美国本月的通胀水平可能会再创新高,美联储对于加息的立场可能转向更加鹰派,加息的压力大增。市场估计,在美联储6月和7月的会议上,都将可能加息50个基点,并预计今年底联邦基金利率目标范围升至2%,远高于原先预期的1.25%。

 

加息次数和幅度或直线上升

按照早前市场预计,美联储加息将在每个季度继续追加上调25个基点,年内共计加息4次,会以温和渐进式的节奏。不过,目前华尔街大行越来越多开始押注今年美联储激进加息,其中高盛最新研报表示,美联储将在5月和6月各大幅加息50个基点,今年下半年余下的四次各加息25个基点,并在2023年的前九个月进行三次季度加息,而明年整体加息次数可能多达五次。

花旗银行预测加息的幅度更大,次数更多,其认为5月至9月的四次美联储会议各加息50个基点,若通胀始终高于5%,不排除5月起每次会议都大幅加息。而如果真是以这样的幅度进行加息的话,对经济活动的抑制恐怕会令经济陷入衰退。

从目前美国商品销售数据来看,加息对市场的负面作用会逐渐显现,美国2月零售、房屋销售、耐用品订单均出现低于市场预期的下滑,虽然昨日公布的3月谘商会消费者信心指数降至107.2,略微高于预期的107,但仍反映出通胀压力和可能增加的加息令消费者整体信心下降。

 

加息对美国经济的影响

另外一个令市场人士担心的问题是如果多次的加息不能有效抑制物价,是否会造成美国经济陷入滞涨的困境。所谓滞涨是指,物价上升,但经济停滞不前。它是通货膨胀长期发展的结果,导致其发生的主要原因是总需求激增的同时总供给受限,结果是失业率飙升,经济陷入衰退。

美国曾在上世纪70年代经历过滞涨危机,对当时的美国经济造成重创,以至于今天仍令美国投资者感到恐慌。如今美国CPI同比数据已经连续21个月出现上涨,并且连续几个月都逼近8%水平,当前的通胀恶化为滞涨的风险一直存在,也拖累了美股近期的市场表现。

受到俄乌战争影响,虽然双方和谈近日进展良好让油价有所降温,但美国供应链瓶颈持续,大宗商品和金属原材料的价格较去年同期大幅上升。好在2月美国国内的招聘和就业增长强劲,薪资却增长停滞,这对于缓解通胀来说是一个利好因素,让需求端的压力有所松减。市场需密切关注就业和薪资数据变动,对滞涨风险需要时刻警惕。

若今晚公布的数据PCE物价指数如预期继续上升,可能还会有更多市场人士押注加息幅度和次数上升,而普遍押注息口改变对股市的影响将是全面的,对银行股相对有利,高估值的成长股会继续承压,投资者不宜急于部署。此外,供应短缺现象持续,预计原材料股走势仍会较为不错。

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