差价合约是复杂的金融交易产品,可带来由杠杆作用而导致迅速亏损的高风险。大部分的零售投资者帐户在跟交易差价合约时录得资金亏损。您应当考虑您是否充分明白差价合约如何运作,以及您是否能承受您的资金损失的高风险。

加央行决议重磅来袭!何时启动加息将决定加元走向

周三晚23:00加拿大央行将公布利率决议,市场预期此次会议加息25个基点的概率为70%-75%。不过,彭博经济研究预计,加拿大央行将维持利率不变。分析师认为首次加息的理由很强,并有可能发出即将采取行动的明确信号。因此,市场最为关注的是,加拿大的加息周期是否会在此次会议中启动?

加拿大央行近期多次“放鹰”

虽然市场对加拿大央行的“鹰派”立场已经有所准备,但是其鹰调之深还是让市场感到意外。在疫情时期,加拿大央行已经通过量化宽松计划向金融体系注入数千亿加元,并且增持了约3500亿加元的债券。

 

但是在去年10月量化宽松政策被突然刹停,加拿大央行出人意料地直接宣布提前结束QE,这也使得加拿大就此成为了首个结束QE的G7经济体。

 

以加拿大央行行长麦克勒姆为首的决策者宣布,他们将停止增持加拿大国债,从而结束其量化宽松计划。加拿大央行随后表示,在结束QE后会进入再投资阶段,在此期间央行将仅购买同量的加拿大政府债券以取代到期的债券,从而保持整体持有量不变。

 

不过,加央行却没能成为G7中首个加息的国家,只是将加息预期提前到了今年二季度,最早今年二季度上调利率。蒙特利尔银行将首次加息预期时间从4月提前至3月,而加拿大丰业银行也表示,加拿大央行可能不容再等更久。

 

加息为何已经刻不容缓?

 

由于巨额的政府支出、供应链中断和消费品需求激增,全球通胀率目前正在飙升,导致物价迅速上涨。从加国最近公布的通胀数据就能发现,紧缩政策为何在加拿大已经变得刻不容缓。

 

加拿大统计局最新数据显示,加拿大2021年12月未经季调的消费者物价指数(CPI)按年升幅略加快至4.8%,为1991年9月以来最高,已连升19个月。该国的通胀率已连续9个月高于加拿大央行设定的2%左右的通胀控制目标,加剧了加央行通过加息抑制通胀的压力。

 

在通胀高企的背景下,加拿大的交通、住房和食品成本的通通上涨。加拿大12月食品和生活用品价格同比上涨5.7%,是2011年11月以来的最大升幅;商品价格上涨4.7%,服务价格升幅为2.3%;汽油价格增长31.2%,创1981年以来新高。

 

而就业率方面,加拿大统计局数据显示,2021年12 月加拿大的失业率为5.9%,比11 月份的6% 略有降低;12 月的总失业人数为 121 万人,跟 11 月几乎相同,但高于 2020 年 2 月疫情开始前的 115 万人。这意味著该国就业市场正恢复至疫情前水平,为启动加息创造了条件。

加息会对加元产生什么影响?

目前而言,加拿大经济在就业和通胀两个方面实际都已符合加息条件,因此市场一直预期加拿大央行会早于美联储加息。如果此次会议决定加国开启加息周期,将支持加元反弹。此外,加元是和油价成正相关的货币,由于供应短缺问题持续,今年国际油价多方看涨,油价持续走强,在过去一个月里布伦特原油价格大幅上涨34%,几乎达到7年来高位,这也对加元的反弹起到了助推作用。

 

不过,也有市场分析认为,加元在今年第一季度仍面临一定压力,由于奥密克戎疫情在全球肆掠,加元早前一度下跌至近1 年以来低点。当下,疫情还在各国蔓延,美联储或在第一季度启动加息,美元上涨会间接对加元产生下行压力。而长远来说,受油价和加央行“鹰派”政策影响,加元有望扭转自去年12月下旬以来的下行,但是更长期来看,美联储收紧政策的前景更加占优,如果更快加息和缩表,美元上涨前景会对加元有所限制

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