受霍尔木兹海峡重开希望提振,WTI原油涨幅收窄至100美元以下

西德克萨斯中质原油(WTI)期货价格在突破每桶100美元后回落,此前,为重新开放霍尔木兹海峡的外交努力取得进展,缓解了部分供应中断的担忧。布伦特原油(LCOc1)也随之回落,此前涨幅有所收窄,原因是盟友们正协调努力恢复这一重要咽喉要道的通行。

WTI Crude vs Brent Cude Chart - 16 March 2026

市场概览

WTI原油(CLc1)结算价为每桶98.50美元,较周一盘中高点101.20美元下跌1.2%。此前,由于伊朗威胁封锁海峡,WTI原油在前一交易日一度上涨超过9%。布伦特原油下跌0.8%至每桶102.30美元,此前三周的涨幅有所收窄,此前的价格较1月份接近60美元的低点翻了一番。美国汽油期货(RBc1)上涨0.3%,至每加仑3.25美元,反映出成品油供需紧张。

地缘政治导火索

2月28日,美以对伊朗发动空袭,引发冲突,紧张局势升级。伊朗随即关闭了霍尔木兹海峡,全球20%的石油都要经过该海峡。伊朗革命卫队警告称,任何石油都不会通过该海峡。与此同时,最高领袖哈梅内伊誓言,在海湾航运遭到袭击之际,将持续封锁该海峡。伊拉克和科威特的停产加剧了人们的担忧,导致每日石油供应量减少数百万桶。

重启势头

美国总统特朗普敦促包括英国在内的盟友为船只护航,并部署扫雷无人机清理海峡,促使伦敦方面权衡各种方案。英国能源大臣埃德·米利班德称重新开放输油管道是当务之急,而伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队指挥官则坚称该管道仍由德黑兰控制,但并未排除石油流入的可能性。市场对这些信号做出反应,尽管高盛警告称,如果管道关闭持续到3月下旬,油价可能飙升至150美元,但油价上涨势头仍未停止。

政策应对措施

国际能源署协调从战略储备中释放4亿桶石油,其中包括美国的1.72亿桶,以抑制油价飙升。欧佩克+表示准备调整产量,但海湾地区的减产限制了其灵活性。美国财政部发放许可证,允许购买滞留在海上的俄罗斯石油,以提振全球石油库存。

更广泛的资产流动

由于能源成本威胁经济增长,股市回落,标普500指数(SPX)下跌0.5%;能源板块(XLE)逆势上涨2%。避险黄金(GCc1)上涨1%至每盎司2850美元,美元指数(DXY)兑欧元上涨0.3%。美国10年期国债收益率下跌5个基点至4.05%,表明市场对通胀传导机制的风险预期降低。

盛宝银行大宗商品策略主管奥勒·汉森表示:“重启谈判是一个缓解压力的措施,但一次无人机袭击就能改变一切,我们仍未脱离险境。”摩根大通分析师指出,持续3-4周的封锁可能迫使海湾合作委员会成员国停产,并持续推高布伦特原油价格至每桶100美元以上。

宏观影响

油价飙升可能使全球通胀率上升2-3%,在油价高企的情况下,美联储降息的难度加大。如果经济中断持续,经济增长预期可能会被下调,其中欧洲由于能源进口量较高,受影响最大。各国央行密切关注政策传导对消费支出和政策路径的影响。

交易员们密切关注伊朗局势升级信号、国际能源署外汇储备消耗效率以及下周美国库存数据,以寻找需求韧性的线索。

关于作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亚太区首席分析师,在全球外汇及投资市场拥有逾 20 年的经验。他毕业于迪肯大学(Deakin University),主修金融与经济学,并曾在多家领先的外汇经纪公司担任高级管理职位。

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