差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

英鎊兌美元匯率受困於1.33下方,因油價衝擊加劇英國央行利率困境

週五倫敦早盤,英鎊兌美元匯率(GBPUSD)徘徊在1.3205附近,受阻於1.33關口下方。英國央行正面臨日益嚴峻的政策困境:一方面是持續高企的通脹,另一方面是中東石油危機帶來的增長風險。英鎊已較1月份接近1.3870的高點下跌超過650個基點。

GBPUSD 1 Day Chart

英鎊兌美元日線圖

市場概覽

截至倫敦時間上午10:00,英鎊兌美元匯率(GBPUSD)報1.3205,當日下跌0.12%,此前該匯率在隔夜測試了1.3180的支撐位。英鎊兌美元匯率在1.3380-1.3399區間面臨直接阻力,若要突破該區間,則有望阻止其下探至1.3000的勢頭,歐元兌英鎊下跌0.40%至0.8559(EUR/GBP 0.8559),英鎊兌日元下跌0.31%至209.98,避險情緒推動日元走強。

英國國債收益率從近期高位回落,但仍錄得一年多以來的最大單月漲幅,其中10年期國債收益率(GB10YT=RR)當日上漲6個基點至4.87%,投資者已將政策不確定性持續計入價格。

政策難題

英國央行3月19日決定維持利率在3.75%不變,這一決定令市場對下一步政策走向產生分歧。貨幣市場目前預期,英國央行在4月30日之前加息的可能性為50%,而非此前預期的降息。 2月份通脹率同比維持在3.0%,是英國央行2%目標的兩倍,而服務業通脹率仍高企,達到5.2%。

“市場已經完全從預期2026年兩次降息轉向兩次加息,但英國央行為加息設定了非常高的門檻,”一位駐倫敦大型銀行的外匯策略師匿名表示。“在我們看到石油價格上漲推動工資增長的明確證據之前,委員會可能會暫停加息。”

英國央行政策制定者艾倫·泰勒上週語氣謹慎,強調在伊朗衝突的經濟影響更加明朗之前,借貸成本應保持穩定。英國央行面臨滯脹陷阱:布倫特原油價格(LCOc1)週五飆升至每桶107美元以上,當日上漲1.5%,這有可能在未來幾個月將英國通脹率推高至4%,同時抑制經濟增長。

宏觀影響

油價衝擊迫使英國央行政策預期發生顯著逆轉。就在3月初,交易員們還預計英國央行將在2026年降息兩次,每次25個基點。而現在,市場預期至少會加息兩次,如果布倫特原油價格維持在105美元以上,則可能加息第三次。英國央行與美聯儲的政策分歧——美聯儲3月份維持利率在3.75%不變,但同時暗示通縮速度放緩——擴大了支撐美元的政策缺口。

“滯脹局面對英鎊來說是致命的,”一家歐洲銀行的利率交易員表示,“在通脹率高達3%、油價為107美元的情況下,英國央行無法降息,但在經濟增長放緩的情況下加息則可能導致經濟進一步下滑。”

關於作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亞太區首席分析師,在全球外匯及投資市場擁有逾 20 年的經驗。他畢業於迪肯大學(Deakin University),主修金融與經濟學,並曾在多家領先的外匯經紀公司擔任高級管理職位。

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