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日本央行六月加息之際,日元逼近歷史性干預區

USDJPY_2026-06-11_10-13-35

日元匯率正逼近此前觸發歷史性外匯干預的水平,可能增加日本央行進行數十年來最顯著加息的壓力。

6 月 10 日,日元兌美元匯率跌至 160.5 附近,創下 2024 年 7 月以來的最高水平。儘管交易員已將日本央行在 6 月 16 日結束的政策會議上可能加息 25 個基點的預期計入價格,但日元匯率依然走弱。

官員們已暗示進一步收緊貨幣政策是可行的,有報導稱,官員們正在考慮將基準利率上調至 1%,並保留今年晚些時候採取進一步行動的可能性。

日元疲軟無視此前的干預措施

空頭持續施壓。儘管東京方面進行了創紀錄的干預以支撐日元,但日元在 5 月份的表現仍遜於所有 G10 貨幣。

市場策略師認為,這種對干預的抵制加劇了美元可能在日方加息帶來任何提振之前就測試或跌破 160 日元的風險。

日本當局上一次干預外匯市場是在 2024 年 7 月,當時日元兌美元匯率跌至 30 年來的低點,接近 162。

多年超寬鬆政策後的政策正常化

日本央行一直在逐步結束長達十餘年的前所未有的負利率和收益率管制時代。

2025 年 12 月,日本央行將短期政策利率上調至 0.75%,為 1995 年以來的最高水平,標誌著政策正常化邁出了決定性的一步。

市場普遍預期 6 月份的會議將再次加息,一些分析師預計利率將達到 1%,因為官員們正在權衡持續的通脹風險和仍然很低的實際利率。

干預門檻與市場預期

日本財務省官員多次警告稱,日元匯率可能出現「過度波動」和單向走勢,但並未明確具體的干預水平。

多家銀行的分析師指出,1 美元兌 160 日元左右是一個關鍵參考點,在此點位附近,干預的可能性可能會增加,理由是需要避免市場出現混亂局面。

日本財務省依據與美國達成的 2025 年 9 月框架協議開展工作,該協議允許在匯率劇烈波動並擾亂金融穩定時採取協調行動。

對全球市場的更廣泛影響

日本央行採取更強硬的立場將縮小與美聯儲的利率差距,美聯儲已維持高利率較長時間,這可能會降低賣出日元的套利吸引力。

然而,如果日元在干預和加息後仍然疲軟,人們可能會對日本央行緊縮周期的持久性產生懷疑,尤其是考慮到更高的政策利率可能會過度推高長期政府債券收益率。

全球市場也在密切關注日本央行如何在財政風險和不斷上升的公共債務償付成本下調整緊縮力度,這可能會限制政策正常化的力度。

接下來關注什麼?

投資者將關注日本央行 6 月 16 日的聲明,以了解未來加息步伐的指引,以及任何關於經濟增長、通脹和匯率的最新預測。

如果日元繼續在 160 附近徘徊,日本財政部可能會再次發出更強烈的警告,或直接干預市場,這將加劇亞洲交易時段的短期波動,並可能波及整個地區的債券和股票市場。

鑑於美元/日元貨幣對在全球風險情緒和融資狀況中扮演著舉足輕重的角色,金融市場還將密切關注美元對日本央行緊縮政策和美國利率前景之間相互作用的反應。

關於作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亞太區首席分析師,在全球外匯及投資市場擁有逾 20 年的經驗。他畢業於迪肯大學(Deakin University),主修金融與經濟學,並曾在多家領先的外匯經紀公司擔任高級管理職位。

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