差价合约是复杂的金融交易产品,可带来由杠杆作用而导致迅速亏损的高风险。大部分的零售投资者帐户在跟交易差价合约时录得资金亏损。您应当考虑您是否充分明白差价合约如何运作,以及您是否能承受您的资金损失的高风险。

美国物价疯涨,通胀水平续创新高,货币政策陷两难!

受俄乌局势影响,国际油价、粮食及其他大宗商品纷纷迎来涨价潮,这对于美国本来就高企的通胀,可以说是雪上加霜。美国公布2月消费者物价指数(CPI)同比上升7.9%,与先前市场的预期一致,其中汽油价格上涨6.4%,占CPI涨幅的一半以上。

美国劳工部上月表示,1月份CPI同比增长7.5%,达到自1982年2月以来的最高水平。当时这一数字出炉就让市场大感惊讶,因为甚至超出市场普遍预期的7.2%-7.3%的上限水平,如今这一数据再次被刷新。由于俄乌紧张局势仍在影响着全球金融市场,俄罗斯也逐渐实施反制措施,美国物价会不会就此见顶还存在很大变数。

美国物价或逼近峰值

拜登政府此前的工作重心一直放在遏制国内高企的通胀,由于强劲的国内消费需求以及因受疫情影响供应链中断,不断推升美国市场物价水平,市场刚刚消化物价触及40年来的最高涨幅,但是紧接着俄乌之间爆发战争,物价再度大幅上涨。

经济学家预计称,由于俄乌冲突以及对俄严厉制裁导致石油、粮食等主要商品价格上升,美国的通胀可能在本月或下个月达到8%至9%的峰值。这不难让市场增加了对美联储提前加息的担忧,并且很有可能增加今年加息的次数。

美国圣路易斯联储主席布拉德早前就对媒体表示,希望美联储能够尽快加息50个基点。如果成真,这将是2000年以来首次一次会议决定加息50个基点。不过,他也说是否3月加息50个基点还没有确定。

原油价格大幅飙升

俄乌之间的冲突对原油和农产品价格影响最为明显。美国已经宣布对俄罗斯实施能源进口禁令,英国宣布今年底前分阶段取消进口俄国石油,对俄制裁令让原油价格一举冲破了100美元大关,截止3月10日,美国纽约WTI原油收报每桶106.02美元,布伦特原油收报每桶109.33美元,并且俄乌战争以来原油期货价格已经上涨超30%。美国已经宣布释放5000万桶战略储备石油,增加开发国内石油和天然气,并且推动清洁能源的应用,旨在抑制飙升的能源价格。

 

bloomberg(来源:Bloomberg)

 

虽然油价大幅攀升,但是对美国经济恢复的影响暂时有限,国内消费需求保持强劲。摩根大通经济学家Peter McCrory表示,油价上涨一定程度上将对GDP增长构成威胁,但大摩预计今年GDP增速仍将高于趋势水平。

除油价外,粮食价格也备受市场关注,据2021年美国农业部统计数据,俄罗斯和乌克兰两国共占全球逾四分之一小麦出口、约二成玉米出口和八成葵花油出口。两国之间的战争冲突导致小麦价格一度出现大幅震荡,芝加哥交易所(CBOT)交投最活跃的小麦期货合约,经历连续 6 个交易日涨停之后出现暴跌,曾一度飙升至每蒲式耳 13.635 美元。从美国小麦协会发布的最新报告也能看出小麦期货价格自2月以来呈现持续上升势头。

 

wheat association (1) (1) (1)(来源:美国小麦协会3月4日报告)

 

由于大多数经济学家都将2%作为通胀目标,美国显然已经长时间大幅度偏离这一目标,市场风险也会上升。如果未来俄乌局势继续推升油价继续上涨达到150美元,美国国内的通胀率将会更高,CPI数据将可能突破8%以上。然而,目前有市场人士预测,油价将会在今年年底前突破每桶180美元,甚至有交易员押注3月底前,油价就会飙升至每桶200美元。

由于2月美国通胀再度爆表,美联储未来或会继续提高抑制通货膨胀的政策力度,货币政策收紧的步伐可能还会加快,加息的次数也可能增加。不过,正如目前市场普遍所担忧的那样,一边是通胀持续飙升,一边是紧缩政策可能带来消费需求的抑制,还可能使经济面临衰退的风险,同时也会影响经济复苏的步伐。所以,美国经济正面临着两难的选择。

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