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油价重挫:美伊初步协议释放霍尔木兹海峡重开信号

周一,美国总统特朗普和伊朗副外长宣布达成初步和平协议,旨在结束敌对行动并恢复霍尔木兹海峡的航运,缓解了全球对石油供应的担忧,受此消息影响,油价暴跌逾4%。截至格林尼治标准时间22:03,布伦特原油(LCOc1)下跌3.51美元,跌幅达4.02%,至每桶83.82美元;美国西德克萨斯中质原油(CLc1)下跌3.93美元,跌幅4.63%,至每桶80.95美元。

市场概览:布伦特原油创下3月以来最大单日跌幅,跌至三个多月以来的最低水平。西德克萨斯中质原油也大幅下跌,抹去了近期因战争风险溢价而建立的涨幅。受能源市场鸽派情绪提振,亚洲股市上涨,斯托克600指数(SX5E)上涨0.9%,标普500指数(SPX)期货上涨0.7%。

事件详情

周日晚间宣布的这项协议包括重新开放霍尔木兹海峡的条款。霍尔木兹海峡是全球约20%石油出口的关键咽喉要道。特朗普确认了该协议,但未透露具体条款。伊朗副外长称赞该协议是“迈向持久和平的突破”。双方计划于6月18日举行正式的签字仪式。自3月中旬美伊冲突以来,霍尔木兹海峡一直部分关闭,引发了供应中断的担忧。

避险情绪逆转

随着投资者解除地缘政治对冲策略,股市大幅上涨,VIX波动率指数下跌6.2%至16.8。避险资产遭到抛售:黄金(XAU=)下跌1.8%至每盎司5240美元,日元(JPY=)下跌0.7%至1美元兑149.50日元。美国10年期国债收益率上涨4个基点至4.26%,反映出油价下跌带来的通缩压力有所缓解。

汇率和收益率影响

美元指数(DXY)下跌0.4%至107.60,原因是油价下跌降低了通胀担忧,并削弱了美国国债收益率的吸引力。挪威克朗(NOK=)等能源密集型货币下跌1.1%,加元(CAD=)下跌0.6%至1.3650兑1美元。与石油进口相关的新兴市场货币,包括马来西亚林吉特(MYR=),上涨0.5%至4.12兑1美元。

宏观经济影响

和平协议可能在几周内为全球石油供应增加100万至200万桶/日,并有可能在未来12个月内使全球CPI下降0.3%至0.5%。高盛估计,布伦特原油价格每桶下跌5美元将使美国年通胀率下降15个基点,芝加哥商品交易所(CME)的FedWatch数据显示,美联储9月份降息的可能性从协议达成前的64%升至72%。随着消费者和工业能源成本的下降,经济增长前景有所改善。

分析师观点

澳新银行策略师卡罗尔·尼尔森表示:“这是典型的地缘政治风险缓解。油价下跌消除了滞胀的担忧,并为各国央行提供了更大的降息空间。”对冲基金可能会减持石油多头头寸,预计周五公布的美国商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)数据将显示更多平仓操作。

关键指标

交易员将关注6月18日的签字仪式,以了解协议的具体细节;伊朗确认全面重新开放霍尔木兹海峡的情况;以及周三美国能源信息署(EIA)公布的原油库存数据,以了解供应情况。下周欧佩克+会议的前景以及美联储关于通胀传导机制的评论将影响下一阶段的市场走势。

关于作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亚太区首席分析师,在全球外汇及投资市场拥有逾 20 年的经验。他毕业于迪肯大学(Deakin University),主修金融与经济学,并曾在多家领先的外汇经纪公司担任高级管理职位。

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