差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

美國物價指數或繼續升,加息走向會如何轉變?

今晚,美國即將公佈2月份的個人消費支出(PCE)物價指數,市場普遍預計2月份PCE物價指數將年增6.4%,核心PCE物價指數也將年增5.5%,均預期會繼續上升。不僅如此,市場估計用於衡量通脹的美國消費者物價指數在3月份將按年漲8.4%,第一季消費者物價指數將年增9%。可見,美國的物價仍處於上升通道,並沒有見頂的勢頭。

由於美國本月的通脹水平可能會再創新高,美聯儲對於加息的立場可能轉向更加鷹派,加息的壓力大增。市場估計,在美聯儲6月和7月的會議上,都將可能加息50個基點,並預計今年底聯邦基金利率目標範圍升至2%,遠高於原先預期的1.25%。

 

加息次數和幅度或直線上升

按照早前市場預計,美聯儲加息將在每個季度繼續追加上調25個基點,年內共計加息4次,會以溫和漸進式的節奏。不過,目前華爾街大行越來越多開始押註今年美聯儲激進加息,其中高盛最新研報表示,美聯儲將在5月和6月各大幅加息50個基點,今年下半年餘下的四次各加息25個基點,並在2023年的前九個月進行三次季度加息,而明年整體加息次數可能多達五次。

花旗銀行預測加息的幅度更大,次數更多,其認為5月至9月的四次美聯儲會議各加息50個基點,若通脹始終高於5%,不排除5月起每次會議都大幅加息。而如果真是以這樣的幅度進行加息的話,對經濟活動的抑制恐怕會令經濟陷入衰退。

從目前美國商品銷售數據來看,加息對市場的負面作用會逐漸顯現,美國2月零售、房屋銷售、耐用品訂單均出現低於市場預期的下滑,雖然昨日公佈的3月諮商會消費者信心指數降至107.2,略微高於預期的107,但仍反映出通脹壓力和可能增加的加息令消費者整體信心下降。

 

加息對美國經濟的影響

另外一個令市場人士擔心的問題是如果多次的加息不能有效抑制物價,是否會造成美國經濟陷入滯漲的困境。所謂滯漲是指,物價上升,但經濟停滯不前。它是通貨膨脹長期發展的結果,導致其發生的主要原因是總需求激增的同時總供給受限,結果是失業率飆升,經濟陷入衰退。

美國曾在上世紀70年代經歷過滯漲危機,對當時的美國經濟造成重創,以至於今天仍令美國投資者感到恐慌。如今美國CPI同比數據已經連續21個月出現上漲,並且連續幾個月都逼近8%水平,當前的通脹惡化為滯漲的風險一直存在,也拖累了美股近期的市場表現。

受到俄烏戰爭影響,雖然雙方和談近日進展良好讓油價有所降溫,但美國供應鏈瓶頸持續,大宗商品和金屬原材料的價格較去年同期大幅上升。好在2月美國國內的招聘和就業增長強勁,薪資卻增長停滯,這對於緩解通脹來說是一個利好因素,讓需求端的壓力有所松減。市場需密切關注就業和薪資數據變動,對滯漲風險需要時刻警惕。

若今晚公佈的數據PCE物價指數如預期繼續上升,可能還會有更多市場人士押注加息幅度和次數上升,而普遍押注息口改變對股市的影響將是全面的,對銀行股相對有利,高估值的成長股會繼續承壓,投資者不宜急於部署。此外,供應短缺現象持續,預計原材料股走勢仍會較為不錯。

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