差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

美國CPI或40年來首破’8’!市場將會有何反應?

美國3月未季調CPI年率今晚將揭曉,目前市場預計值為8.5%,前值為7.9%,公佈值若如市場所料,那麼CPI將為1982年1月以來首度“破8”。面對這一前所未有的消費者物價指數,美聯儲是否將以更強勁的鷹派政策平抑物價成為市場焦點,同時股市方面,市場押注美聯儲加息力度將提升至最大,加劇了美股近期走勢的動盪。

 

CPI何時回落?

此次CPI的繼續走高原因在於,一方面俄烏之間的地緣政治衝突持續,導致大宗商品價格上升,令美國3月物價指數持續飆升。近期,世界大多數農產品的價格繼續上漲,俄羅斯是世界最大的小麥出口國,加上烏克蘭,供應量佔全球的3成。

在油價方面,雖然美國釋放戰略儲備油等多重原因造成國際油價近日持續下跌,有望為美國高企的物價降溫,但是不確定因素仍然非常多。如果增加對俄製裁,油價在未來有可能出現回升,這令市場仍處於擔憂之中,因此油價的跌勢也受到一定限制。

crude oil prices

除了油價和大宗商品的增幅,市場也更多開始聚焦美國服務業價格的漲幅,美國3月ISM非製造業指數58.3,預期58.6,2月為56.5。3月份由於美國國內逐漸放寬了疫情限制措施,服務業得到提振,但是目前美國服務業的勞動力存在最大的缺口,加上能源、燃料和其它原材料價格飆升,企業為吸引勞動力提升工資導致企業成本大漲,服務業收費價格正以前所未有的速度上漲。

因此,對於美國CPI是否見頂也有兩種截然不同的看法,有市場人士認為,目前美聯儲的鷹派立場還沒有達到頂峰,暫時還無法遏制住CPI的增長勢頭,預計CPI的值仍沒有見頂。而另一些人認為,3月通脹已經到頂,未來會逐漸回落。

 

近期美股或承壓

不過,無疑的是CPI若破8對美聯儲來說會形成更大的政策壓力,有可能會影響接下來縮減購債的規模和加息的程度。隨著大宗商品價格上漲引發通脹飆升,市場押注聯儲會將實施近30年來最激進的貨幣緊縮政策。

貨幣市場交易員預計,美聯儲將在年底前再加息225個基點。考慮到美聯儲今年還有6次議息會議,若美聯儲在每次議息會議上都宣布加息,再加息225個基點的市場定價則意味著會有3次各50個基點的加息和3次各25個基點的加息。

由於市場預計美聯儲增加緊縮政策力度,短期內美股走勢波動,若CPI最終破8,美債收益率可能進一步飆升,預計會對美股中對息口敏感的科技股帶來較大的負面影響,而CPI的公佈可能會帶來新一輪科技股的波動行情。

wall-street-journal-crude-oil

(來源:華爾街日報)

另一方面,雖然市場加息預期升溫,利好銀行股表現,但是本月各大銀行將陸續公佈第一季度的財報,分析師預期銀行股第一季度利潤或同比下降35%。對於銀行股來說,盈利表現也是投資者不得不考慮的重要因素,盈利不佳也會令其股價承壓。由於原油、原材料、大宗商品、服務業等價格在第一季都經歷了不同程度的上升,這些因素為美國企業第一季度的財報表現帶來壓力,進一步可能令美股在近期整體承壓。

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