中東衝突擾亂全球供應,WTI原油價格飆升至每桶100美元以上

週一,由於中東衝突升級導致關鍵燃料供應路線中斷,美國西德州中質原油(WTI)價格飆升至每桶100美元以上。這次飆漲創下多年來最大單日漲幅,重創股市,提振避險資產。

WTI-USOIL-2026-03-09

市場概覽

WTI原油(CLc1)早盤交易中上漲超過20%,突破每桶100.50美元;布蘭特原油(LCOc1)一度飆升20%,達到每桶111.04美元,創下2022年7月以來的最高水準。受能源成本上漲引發通膨擔憂的影響,標普500指數期貨(SPX)下跌1.5%至2%,亞洲股市也跌至週內低點附近。 10年期美國公債殖利率(US10YT)上漲7個基點至4.11%,顯示市場預期聯準會將收緊貨幣政策。

閱讀更多關於WTI原油和布蘭特原油價格差異的資訊。由於內陸運輸物流受限以及原油質地較重,美國基準WTI原油的交易價格通常低於全球布蘭特原油。但受戰爭影響,今日油價上漲已將這一價差收窄至3美元以下,因為雙方都對供應短缺感到擔憂。

衝突詳情

美以與伊朗的戰爭導致霍爾木茲海峽航運中斷,該海峽是全球最重要的石油咽喉要道之一。由於出口封鎖導致儲油槽爆滿,科威特、阿聯酋和伊拉克已削減產量,潛在減產幅度接近每日600萬桶。美國總統川普要求伊朗無條件投降,加劇了人們對供應中斷長期持續的擔憂。

政策因應

包括沙烏地阿拉伯、俄羅斯、伊拉克和阿聯酋在內的歐佩克+成員國先前承諾提高產量,但目前的混亂局面使這些計畫難以實現。卡達能源部長薩阿德·卡比警告稱,如果霍爾木茲海峽繼續關閉,油價可能達到每桶150美元。韓國正考慮釋放戰略儲備,而印度則在探索其他途徑。

避險情緒蔓延

受避險買盤提振,黃金(XAU)上漲0.8%至每盎司5,117美元,年初至今已上漲18%,地緣政治動盪加劇了這一趨勢。美元指數兌風險貨幣走強,但黃金因其對沖通膨的吸引力而表現優於美元。航空股暴跌,威茲航空下跌11%,國際航空集團下跌3.6%,原因是航空燃油成本飆升;而英國石油和殼牌等能源巨頭則上漲2%。

宏觀影響

油價飆升加劇了全球通膨,將聯準會降息預期推遲至9月或更晚,並提高了歐洲央行升息的可能性。能源價格上漲威脅到依賴進口的亞洲和歐洲的經濟成長,如果供應持續中斷,將加劇經濟衰退的風險。摩根大通的Natasha Kaneva指出,市場關注的焦點已從風險溢價轉向實際的供應衝擊。

Kaneva表示:“石油市場現在面臨的是切實的衝擊,而不僅僅是新聞報道,供應損失可能很快達到每日600萬桶。” Rapidan Energy的Bob McNally補充道:“如果不緩和局勢,布倫特原油價格120美元似乎是基本預期。”

關鍵聚焦

交易員密切注意霍爾木茲油輪的航行情況,以判斷其是否恢復正常;美國對伊朗設施的襲擊;以及下週的歐佩克+緊急會議。聯準會官員對通膨的表態以及中國的需求數據將評估經濟成長受到的影響。

关于作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亚太区首席分析师,在全球外汇及投资市场拥有逾 20 年的经验。他毕业于迪肯大学(Deakin University),主修金融与经济学,并曾在多家领先的外汇经纪公司担任高级管理职位。

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