中东冲突扰乱全球供应,WTI原油价格飙升至每桶100美元以上

周一,由于中东冲突升级导致关键燃料供应路线中断,美国西德克萨斯中质原油(WTI)价格飙升至每桶100美元以上。此次飙升创下多年来最大单日涨幅,重创股市,提振避险资产。

WTI-USOIL-2026-03-09

市场概览

WTI原油(CLc1)早盘交易中上涨超过20%,突破每桶100.50美元;布伦特原油(LCOc1)一度飙升20%,达到每桶111.04美元,创下2022年7月以来的最高水平。受能源成本上涨引发通胀担忧的影响,标普500指数期货(SPX)下跌1.5%至2%,亚洲股市也跌至周内低点附近。10年期美国国债收益率(US10YT)上涨7个基点至4.11%,表明市场预期美联储将收紧货币政策。

阅读更多关于WTI原油和布伦特原油价格差异的信息。由于内陆运输物流受限以及原油质地较重,美国基准WTI原油的交易价格通常低于全球布伦特原油。但受战争影响,今日油价上涨已将这一价差收窄至3美元以下,原因是双方都对供应短缺感到担忧。

冲突详情

美以与伊朗的战争导致霍尔木兹海峡航运中断,该海峡是全球最重要的石油咽喉要道之一。由于出口封锁导致储油罐爆满,科威特、阿联酋和伊拉克已削减产量,潜在减产幅度接近每日600万桶。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普要求伊朗无条件投降,加剧了人们对供应中断长期持续的担忧。

政策应对

包括沙特阿拉伯、俄罗斯、伊拉克和阿联酋在内的欧佩克+成员国此前承诺提高产量,但目前的混乱局面使这些计划难以实现。卡塔尔能源部长萨阿德·卡比警告称,如果霍尔木兹海峡继续关闭,油价可能达到每桶150美元。韩国正考虑释放战略储备,而印度则在探索其他途径。

避险情绪蔓延

受避险买盘提振,黄金(XAU)上涨0.8%至每盎司5117美元,年初至今已上涨18%,地缘政治动荡加剧了这一趋势。美元指数兑风险货币走强,但黄金因其对冲通胀的吸引力而表现优于美元。航空股暴跌,威兹航空下跌11%,国际航空集团下跌3.6%,原因是航空燃油成本飙升;而英国石油和壳牌等能源巨头则上涨2%。

宏观影响

油价飙升加剧了全球通胀,将美联储降息预期推迟至9月或更晚,并提高了欧洲央行加息的可能性。能源价格上涨威胁到依赖进口的亚洲和欧洲的经济增长,如果供应持续中断,将加剧经济衰退的风险。摩根大通的Natasha Kaneva指出,市场关注的焦点已从风险溢价转向实际的供应冲击。

Kaneva表示:“石油市场现在面临的是切实的冲击,而不仅仅是新闻报道,供应损失可能很快达到每日600万桶。” Rapidan Energy的Bob McNally补充道:“如果不缓和局势,布伦特原油价格120美元似乎是基本预期。”

关键聚焦

交易员密切关注霍尔木兹油轮的航行情况,以判断其是否恢复正常;美国对伊朗设施的袭击;以及下周的欧佩克+紧急会议。美联储官员对通胀的表态以及中国的需求数据将评估经济增长受到的影响。

关于作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亚太区首席分析师,在全球外汇及投资市场拥有逾 20 年的经验。他毕业于迪肯大学(Deakin University),主修金融与经济学,并曾在多家领先的外汇经纪公司担任高级管理职位。

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