通胀疲软及美国关税扩大利率差距,加元下跌

周二,加元兑美元跌至一周低点,原因是加拿大国内通胀疲软降低了市场对加拿大央行收紧货币政策的预期,而华盛顿方面宣布对加拿大商品加征新关税。美元兑加元在亚洲交易时段升至1.4085加元附近,加元兑美元汇率接近71.00美分。

市场概览

周一,加元兑美元汇率下跌0.3%至1.4060加元,此前一度触及1.4001加元,为6月17日以来的最高水平。周二的走势推动美元兑加元连续第二个交易日走高。

美元指数(DXY)维持在100.96附近,接近一周高点,中东紧张局势支撑了避险需求。加拿大两年期国债收益率周一收于美国国债收益率的137个基点附近,进一步扩大了加元面临的利率劣势。

通胀影响加拿大央行展望

加拿大6月份年通胀率从5月份的3.2%放缓至2.8%,低于此前2.9%的预期。消费者价格指数(CPI)环比下降0.4%,降幅是预期的两倍,其中汽油价格下跌超过10%。

潜在压力也有所缓解。加拿大央行公布的CPI中值降至1.9%,CPI修正值降至1.8%,两者均降至2%以下,为近六年来首次。

数据显示,加拿大央行在12月前加息的隐含概率从72%降至66%。Bannockburn Global Forex首席市场策略师Marc Chandler在数据发布后表示:“市场普遍认为,加拿大央行可能要到年底才会加息。”

7月15日,加拿大央行连续第六次会议维持隔夜利率在2.25%不变。报告称,加拿大经济正在改善,但指出美国贸易政策和中东冲突是通胀和经济增长面临的最大风险。

关税重燃贸易风险

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布对一系列加拿大进口商品加征50%的关税,其中包括葡萄酒、水泥、乳制品、家具和冰球装备。这些措施将于8月19日生效,依据是1930年《关税法》第338条,这是该条款近一个世纪以来首次被启用。

即使是符合《美墨加协定》规定的商品也将被征收关税。能源、钾肥、鱼类、关键矿产以及受单独国家安全关税保护的产品则可豁免。

加拿大总理马克·卡尼表示,渥太华方面已提出解决争端的方案,并随时准备进行密集谈判。此次争端升级增加了出口商的不确定性,并提高了遭到报复和跨境投资疲软的风险。

美联储和海湾危机风险支撑美元

市场预期高企的油价可能再次引发通胀压力,并促使美联储采取比加拿大央行更为紧缩的货币政策,美元也因此获得支撑。周二,美国10年期国债收益率接近4.59%,市场正在评估海湾冲突是否会推高运输和能源成本。

也门与伊朗结盟的胡塞武装宣布对沙特阿拉伯实施海上封锁,而伊朗则考虑一项为期10天的停火提议。“目前局势仍然非常不稳定,”澳大利亚国民银行策略师罗德里戈·卡特里尔表示。

油价支撑加元

油价维持在六周高位附近,对与大宗商品挂钩的加元构成一定支撑。周一,美国原油价格在每桶82美元左右波动,但对美伊重启谈判的预期抑制了油价的涨幅。

加拿大是美国的主要原油出口国,因此油价上涨可以提高其贸易收入。收益率差距扩大、通胀疲软以及贸易摩擦再度升级,抵消了上述支撑作用。

展望

加元的下一步走势将取决于华盛顿和渥太华在关税生效前能否取得进展,以及市场是否会进一步降低对加拿大央行收紧货币政策的预期。交易员还将关注美联储的评论和美国经济数据,以判断能源成本上涨是否会改变利率前景。

油价和中东局势仍是第三个关键因素。原油价格持续上涨可能提振加拿大出口收入,但如果投资者预期美国通胀和利率上升,则可能推高美元。

关于作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亚太区首席分析师,在全球外汇及投资市场拥有逾 20 年的经验。他毕业于迪肯大学(Deakin University),主修金融与经济学,并曾在多家领先的外汇经纪公司担任高级管理职位。

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