美国主要股指下跌,美联储对油价冲击的不确定性发出警告

周三早盘,受伊朗战争可能即将结束的初步乐观情绪提振,美国股指期货走高。尽管高企的油价和地缘政治风险令美联储按兵不动。道琼斯指数期货(YM)、标普500指数期货(ES)和纳斯达克100指数期货(NQ)均上涨,而布伦特原油期货(LCOc1)维持在每桶100美元上方,凸显了通胀政策紧张局势的再度加剧。

SP500 5 Days Chart

市场概览

截至美国东部时间07:50(格林尼治标准时间11:50),E-mini道琼斯指数期货(YM)上涨159点,涨幅0.3%,至52,600点左右;标普500指数期货(ES)上涨23点,涨幅0.3%,至6,950点左右。纳斯达克100指数期货(NQ)上涨116点,涨幅0.5%,接近24400点。此前一天,华尔街股市普遍上涨,大型科技股和半导体股领涨,交易员们在权衡中东风险与局势缓和的预期之间做出权衡。

风险偏好与风险规避情绪的流动

股市涨幅主要集中在成长型股票,纳斯达克指数期货表现优于道琼斯指数,反映出市场对人工智能相关科技股和半导体股的配置高于平均水平。其中,美光科技(MU)成为市场波动的主要驱动因素。这家存储芯片制造商预计,在高端数据中心内存供应紧张的情况下,其第二财季调整后每股收益约为8.42美元,几乎是市场普遍预期的两倍。然而,避险需求依然旺盛:黄金(XAU/USD)和美国国债价格小幅上涨,即便股市走高,也表明投资者对长期冲突的可能性预期仍然高于一个月前。

原油和通胀动态

尽管伊拉克和库尔德当局同意恢复通过土耳其杰伊汉港的石油出口后,布伦特原油在亚洲交易时段出现短暂回落,但其价格仍上涨1.3%至每桶104.76美元。油价仍远高于战前水平,推动美国汽油价格升至2023年10月以来的最高水平,并推高了整体通胀率,而整体通胀率在11月中期选举前本就十分敏感。高盛分析师,包括大卫·梅里克尔,指出“伊朗战争的爆发和油价飙升”是目前联邦公开市场委员会关注的最重要的事态发展,这增加了通胀上升路径可能推迟降息的风险。

美联储政策及宏观影响

市场普遍预期,美联储将在为期两天的会议结束后,维持联邦基金利率在3.5%至3.75%的区间不变。决策者们正在权衡伊朗冲突带来的通胀上行风险与劳动力市场疲软的迹象。高盛在一份报告中指出,这场战争加剧了因劳动力市场疲软而提前实施宽松政策的风险,同时也增加了能源价格高企导致通胀持续高于目标水平的风险,从而实际上收紧了美联储的选择余地。一位纽约宏观策略师表示:“这是一个典型的‘双重使命风险并存’的情景。”这与近期美联储观察研究的基调不谋而合。

关于作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亚太区首席分析师,在全球外汇及投资市场拥有逾 20 年的经验。他毕业于迪肯大学(Deakin University),主修金融与经济学,并曾在多家领先的外汇经纪公司担任高级管理职位。

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