美联储维持利率不变;沃什宣布减少议息频次

美联储在存在分歧的投票中决定维持利率不变

2026年10月28日(周三),美联储宣布维持利率不变(公告发布于北京时间2026年10月29日凌晨02:00)。美联储以10票赞成、2票反对的结果,将联邦基金利率维持在3.75%至4.00%的区间。美联储理事丽莎·库克和克利夫兰联储主席贝丝·哈马克投下了反对票,她们主张加息25个基点。

在新闻发布会上,美联储主席凯文·沃什表示,从明年开始,美联储将减少设定利率的会议次数。除非另有说明,下文中的市场数据均截至美国市场收盘时(北京时间2026年10月29日凌晨04:00)。

此次决策背后的关键细节

美联储曾在9月份加息25个基点,这是自2023年7月以来的首次加息。尽管近期通胀数据高于预期,但决策者此次选择按兵不动。他们考量的因素还包括:高企的油价、借贷成本的急剧上升、对由债务驱动的人工智能(AI)相关支出的担忧,以及即将到来的美国中期选举。自9月份会议以来,美国国债收益率已升至数十年来的高位,这在效果上相当于进一步加息。

委员会在声明中指出,经济活动正强劲扩张,通胀水平依然较高。声明表示,随着更多信息的积累,美联储将能更好地确定适当的政策立场。

沃什宣布减少议息频次的计划

沃什表示,美联储仍将保持每年召开八次会议的频率,但2027年将安排一次会议专门用于讨论货币政策的整体战略;届时既不会对联邦基金利率进行投票,也不会发布政策声明。对于2028年,他预计将安排两次战略讨论会议和六次政策决策会议。当记者询问战略会议将披露哪些内容时,相关细节似乎仍在研究讨论中。沃什表示,政治因素并未在决策中发挥任何作用;他还指出,正如预期那样,部分企业和家庭所面临的金融及信贷环境已有所收紧。他并未就12月份的会议提供任何前瞻性指引。

市场影响

市场反应市场数据主要驱动因素
美国国债收益率短期收益率在决议公布后上升,随后在新闻发布会期间下降,导致收益率曲线陡峭化。美国股市收盘时,10年期国债收益率接近5.02%;新闻发布会期间,2年期国债收益率降至约4.71%。鹰派反对意见,随后会议内容变化被解读为鸽派。
美元美元指数在新闻发布会期间下跌约0.2%,并在周四亚洲交易时段企稳。美元指数下跌0.2%。沃什对进一步加息保持沉默,被认为鹰派力度不够。
美国股市小幅上涨标普500指数上涨0.28%,纳斯达克综合指数上涨0.27%,道琼斯指数上涨0.19%。维持“持有”评级符合预期;关注盈利情况。
黄金周四亚洲早盘交易时段小幅走低(UTC+8 07:20)接近每盎司4050美元美联储重申其控制通胀的承诺;个人消费支出数据待公布

更广泛的市场影响

根据芝加哥商品交易所(CME)的“美联储观察工具”,金融市场目前预计美联储在12月会议上加息25个基点的概率为85.0%,高于周二的78.3%。澳大利亚联邦银行货币策略师Carol Kong表示,沃什未提及进一步加息被解读为偏鸽派信号;她补充称,一些市场参与者原本可能期待他能就12月的行动给出某种暗示。

渣打银行G10外汇研究全球主管史蒂夫·英格兰德指出,当沃什提到调整会议安排时,市场随即做出反应,并将此举解读为一种偏鸽派的举措。交易员还缩减了对2027年加息的押注。

交易员应关注的事项

  • 2026年10月29日北京时间20:30,美国第三季度GDP及PCE通胀数据。
  • 2026年10月29日北京时间21:15,欧洲央行的决策;以及2026年10月30日(周五),日本央行的决策。
  • 2026年11月3日,美国中期选举。
  • 2026年12月8日至9日,美联储12月会议;以及关于战略会议相关信息如何披露的细节。

关于作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亚太区首席分析师,在全球外汇及投资市场拥有逾 20 年的经验。他毕业于迪肯大学(Deakin University),主修金融与经济学,并曾在多家领先的外汇经纪公司担任高级管理职位。

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