差价合约是复杂的金融交易产品,可带来由杠杆作用而导致迅速亏损的高风险。大部分的零售投资者帐户在跟交易差价合约时录得资金亏损。您应当考虑您是否充分明白差价合约如何运作,以及您是否能承受您的资金损失的高风险。

国际油价持续高位震荡,能源股还有上行空间吗?

近期,受俄乌战争和美联储加息的双重影响,油价在高位持续震荡。3月17日,美联储宣布加息25个基点(即0.25%),将联邦基金利率目标区间提高为0.25%至0.5%,符合市场预期,这是2018年以来美联储首次加息。在美联储加息之前,美国的通货膨胀居高不下,其中原油价格大幅上涨,由于很难预测地缘政治得到解决的时间,油价居于高位的状况可能会持续。

俄罗斯是仅次于美国和沙特阿拉伯的世界第三大石油生产国,即使俄乌之间停火,受国际制裁令影响,在短时间内俄罗斯的原油依然无法重新回到国际原油市场。今年国际油价的飙升一度让人瞠目结舌,直接带动了能源股的上涨,加上传统上能源股也被视为防御性投资,波动市况中可以进一步吸引投资者关注。

 

能源股市场吸引力大增

俄乌战争带来的重大危机,让能源股的吸引力被双重放大。在标普500指数11个板块中,能源板块在2021年表现最佳累计上涨逾40%,今年至今又上涨超过30%,远远超过大盘近7%的跌幅。西方石油公司的股价在2022年翻了一番,美国最大的能源巨头的股价上涨了30%以上。

雪佛龙(NYSE:CVX)今年以来上涨了32%,股息率为3.58%;康菲石油公司(NYSE: COP)今年上涨了30%,股息率为2.45%;埃克森美孚(NYSE: XOM)今年上涨超过20%,股息率为4.5%;壳牌(NYSE: SHEL)今年以来上涨超过12%,股息率为3.56%。

另外值得关注的产品还有能源ETF,与标普能源股直接挂钩的能源精选行业SPDR交易所交易基金(Energy Select Sector SPDR exchange-traded fund,简称XLE)今年以来累计上涨超过30%;美国石油基金ETF(简称USO)今年则累计上涨38%。

 

美元指数反跌短期支撑油价

一般来说,加息会提升美元资产的吸引力,有助于海外资本有回流美国本土市场,从而为美元指数走高提供了强有力的支撑。而大宗商品一般使用美元计价,因此美元和原油之间有明显的负相关关系。

实际上,自俄乌战争爆发以来,美元指数一直呈现上升的趋势,市场人士此前押注美联储采用更加鹰派的政策。由于最终公布的加息结果实际是较市场预期低,当天的美元指数并没有因为首轮加息的公布而上升,反而是令市场较为意外地下跌了0.6%。这其实对原油的价格在短期形成了一定的支撑,可以看到,在加息后一天即3月18日,国际油价大幅反弹8%以上,重返每桶100美元以上收市。

 

未来能源股还有上行空间吗?

由于此次油价上涨的主导因素来源于供应端,加息对油价的影响较为有限,不会改变短期内油价高企的总体趋势,但是可能会出现暂时性震荡。

原油供应端的紧张问题仍将在今年支撑油价。俄乌经过多轮谈判,虽然还没有实质成果,但紧张局势没有进一步升级,油价升势也暂缓。但只要供应受阻的担忧依然存在,原油价格仍可能冲向高位,石油股就有进一步上涨空间,而能源股是否继续走强,在很大程度上取决于对俄罗斯的制裁将持续多久。

国际能源署(IEA)表示,自下月开始,俄罗斯可能每日减少300万桶石油及石油产品出口,产生的缺口将远高于因为燃料价格上升,而引致的每日需求减少100万桶的预期。受此消息影响,摩根士丹利将布兰特期油第3季价格预测上调20美元,至每桶120美元。

瑞银(UBS)分析师对油价涨幅有更高预期,他对媒体表示,布伦特原油的短期预期为每桶125美元,这是价格的软上限,不过如果供应恶化或持续更长的时间,价格可能会进一步上涨。如果战争持续,布伦特原油价格可能突破每桶150美元关口。

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