差价合约是复杂的金融交易产品,可带来由杠杆作用而导致迅速亏损的高风险。大部分的零售投资者帐户在跟交易差价合约时录得资金亏损。您应当考虑您是否充分明白差价合约如何运作,以及您是否能承受您的资金损失的高风险。

非农倒计时:能否打破黄金盘整局、稳住美股新高?

美国今晚将发布5月非农就业报告,市场预计,非农新增就业为8.5万人,较4月的11.5万人进一步回落;失业率预计维持在4.3%;平均时薪环比增长0.3%。在劳动力供给收缩、美联储鹰派氛围浓厚、美伊谈判悬而未决的复杂背景下,本次非农数据可能成为短期市场方向的关键催化剂。

8.5万的新增就业看似偏低,但考虑到劳动力供给严重收缩,这一水平实际上仍能维持失业率稳定。如果数据符合预期,将使三个月平均非农就业人数达到一年多来的最高水平。美国合众银行经济学家指出,劳动力市场的关键稳定因素是裁员数仍然偏低,只要裁员受控,失业率大幅攀升的风险就相对有限。

近期就业市场数据指引

近期公布的就业市场前瞻数据显示,美国劳动力市场整体呈现“放缓但依然稳健”的复杂格局。ADP最新数据显示,5月民间新增就业岗位增加12.2万,创下逾一年来最大单月增幅,令市场对经济放缓的担忧有所缓和,表明尽管经济形势持续不明朗,企业仍在继续扩大员工队伍,这反映出企业对需求和整体商业环境的信心。

美国4月份职位空缺数量跃升至近两年来的最高水平,达到760万个。就业增长的行业集中度问题依然突出,专业及商业服务业的就业增长创下三年新高,几乎占了所有新增就业岗位的绝大部分。失业工人对应的职位空缺数量(美联储官员密切关注这一比率,将其作为劳动力供需平衡的指标)几乎没有变化,维持在1比1。

如果影响美联储决策

市场定价显示,美联储6月将维持利率不变,新任主席沃什将首次主持美联储利率决议,其政策主张为“降息+缩表”并行,市场将密切关注其措辞信号。近期美联储官员密集释放鹰派信号——施密德、穆萨勒姆、库克等均表示,若通胀不下行,加息已进入政策讨论视野,目前市场也计价今年会有一次加息的可能性。

非农数据低于预期(新增<7万,或薪资增速明显放缓)

这将强化经济放缓信号,年底前的加息预期有所降温。6月声明中,美联储可能维持“观望”立场,但鹰派官员或仍主张删除声明中的宽松倾向措辞。

非农数据超预期(新增>11万,薪资环比≥0.3%)

这将验证劳动力市场依然紧俏,加息预期进一步升温。6月声明可能删除“宽松倾向”措辞,为后续加息打开空间,市场对于12月加息的时间点讨论可能提前。

对金融市场影响

每一次非农的公布,市场都会根据非农数据所揭示的就业热度,来重新定价美联储的利率路径,进而引发资产价格的短期波动。

对于美股而言,当非农就业“温和降温”,表明经济在放缓,但并未陷入衰退的情况下,美股可能反而上涨,因为美联储加息预期没有得到强化。但是一旦非农大幅低于预期,导致经济前景担忧加剧,市场对企业未来的盈利前景感到担忧,就可能引发股市的抛售。

美股当前估值已计入美联储短时间内将维持利率不变的预期,本周上半段,科技股延续强势持续推升美股刷新记录。若非农低于预期,打压加息预期,对利率敏感的成长股有望进一步受益。若非农大超预期,市场可能重新定价加息路径,近期涨幅面临迅速回吐风险。

对于黄金而言,强劲的非农数据通常会推高美元汇率和美债收益率,这直接增加了持有无息资产黄金的机会成本,对金价构成压力。如果数据符合预期,往往不会对既有的货币政策路径产生颠覆性影响,那么黄金的短线波动也会减小。

黄金价格当前处于盘整阶段,受制于近期加息预期的增强。若非农低于预期,加息预期降温将直接短线利好黄金。若非农超预期,表明劳动力市场偏紧俏,加息的鹰派预期强化,黄金短线将承压重返近期区间低位。但是非农过后,地缘局势变化才是影响黄金的关键,直至6月美联储决议发出更加明确的信号。

免责声明:本文所呈现观点,情景推演及市场研判,仅供读者参考与交流之用,不构成任何形式的投资建议、买卖建议或对任何金融产品的推荐。

关于作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亚太区首席分析师,在全球外汇及投资市场拥有逾 20 年的经验。他毕业于迪肯大学(Deakin University),主修金融与经济学,并曾在多家领先的外汇经纪公司担任高级管理职位。

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