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霍尔木兹海峡交通量的改善抵消了美国经济制裁和原油价格下滑的影响

周一,原油价格下跌,原因是霍尔木兹海峡的航运活动出现小幅回升,缓解了市场对短期供应中断的担忧;这一因素的影响盖过了美国针对伊朗扩大经济制裁措施所带来的市场冲击。截至美东时间16:56,布伦特原油下跌2.5%,至每桶90.35美元;美国西德克萨斯中质原油(WTI)下跌2.4%,至每桶84.95美元。

布伦特原油价格

美国WTI原油价格

 

市场概览

此次下跌发生在上周油价大幅上涨之后;当时,由于市场担心霍尔木兹海峡通行受阻可能扰乱海湾地区的石油出口,布伦特原油上涨了7%以上,WTI原油也上涨了近6%。

霍尔木兹海峡是海上能源贸易的关键通道。随着华盛顿与德黑兰之间的紧张局势加剧了供应风险并推高了运费,交易员们一直密切关注该海峡的船只通行情况。

 

霍尔木兹海峡通行状况改善

据伊朗媒体报道,在应巴格达方面的请求后,伊朗允许数量不详的伊拉克油轮通过该水道。航运追踪数据也显示,通行船只数量略有增加。
Kpler的数据显示,上周共有121艘船只通过该海峡,较前一周增长了2.5%。然而,满载货物的船只数量下降了27%,这表明尽管通行状况有所改善,但贸易流量仍远低于正常水平。涉及受制裁对象的通行次数从9次增加到了16次。

一位能源市场分析师表示:“船只通行量的增加在一定程度上缓解了市场的担忧,此前市场已预估会发生更直接的供应冲击。但满载船只数量的减少表明,正常的出口业务尚未恢复。”

 

美国的制裁行动

美国周一宣布了名为“经济孤立行动”的更广泛制裁行动,旨在限制伊朗获取石油收入及进入国际金融网络。财政部长贝森特表示,这些措施将针对与伊朗贸易有关的实体,包括航运、航空、技术、黄金和数字资产领域的网络。

这项行动可能会对继续与伊朗保持商业往来的国家和企业产生更广泛的影响。中国和印度是伊朗的主要贸易伙伴;如果针对银行、保险公司、航运商和大宗商品买家的执法力度加大,可能会使支付和实物石油交付变得更加复杂。伊朗官员表示,如果经济压力持续,德黑兰将采取报复行动。伊朗国家安全委员会秘书穆赫辛·雷扎伊称,若经济冲突升级,经由霍尔木兹海峡及更广泛的波斯湾地区的石油出口可能会被迫中断。

 

航运风险依然存在

尽管霍尔木兹海峡的通行状况有所改善,但更广泛地区的安全风险并未消除。在红海海域,航运活动仍面临遇袭风险,伊朗支持的胡塞武装已多次将商船作为攻击目标。

据一位也门军方官员及英国海上贸易行动办公收到的报告显示,一艘沙特油轮在延布以西海域遭到了抛射物袭击。

一位原油交易员表示:“相比单纯的政治声明,油价很可能对实际发生的供应中断反应更为剧烈。市场将密切关注是否有任何事件导致实际出口量减少,或迫使更多船只改变航线。”

关于作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亚太区首席分析师,在全球外汇及投资市场拥有逾 20 年的经验。他毕业于迪肯大学(Deakin University),主修金融与经济学,并曾在多家领先的外汇经纪公司担任高级管理职位。

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