差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

今晚美國CPI可能衝破4%!直接讓年內加息板上釘釘?

美國即將在今晚公佈5月CPI,市場預測CPI同比或突破4%,達到4.2%,4月CPI同比上漲3.8%,已經創下2023年5月以來新高,上一次美國CPI超過4%是在2023年5月,4%的通膨可能被視為聯邦通膨的門通新政策報告,將本次影響的低通膨率。

 

明晚將公佈的美國5月PPI預計年率將加速至6.4%(前值6%)。 PPI衡量的是生產端採購原料、能源和中間品的成本變化,被視為通膨的「先行指標」——上游成本上漲通常會在一段時間後向下游消費端傳導,最終體現為CPI的上升。地緣政治局勢持續動盪,霍爾木茲海峽封鎖風險和高油價環境直接推高了生產端成本。

美國正經歷一輪由地緣衝突驅動的顯著通膨反彈,克里夫蘭聯邦的即時預測模型顯示,5月CPI年增率預計為4.18%,與市場普遍預期的4.2%高度吻合。紐約聯邦儲備銀行週一公佈的一項調查顯示,儘管中東戰爭導致物價面臨強勁的上行壓力,但美國民眾對5月通膨的預期變化不大。受訪者預計一年後的通膨率為3.5%,低於4月的3.6%;同時,他們預期三年和五年後的通膨率分別為3.1%和3.0%。

中東地緣衝突導緻原油價格先前持續在90美元/桶上方運行,能源成本正透過運輸、生產等環節向全產業鏈傳導。同時,2025年同期的低基數效應正在消失,使得年比讀數面臨上行壓力。摩根士丹利首席美國經濟學家警告,由於關稅、伊朗戰爭以及住房通膨數據滯後等多重因素疊加,通膨可能在5月或6月達到高峰。

聯準會最新褐皮書指出,美國經濟活動溫和擴張,但能源價格上漲帶來的通膨壓力使經濟前景蒙上陰影(自 4 月中旬以來)。在壓力之下,消費者支出表現參差不齊。自4月上次調查以來,財務緊張的跡象持續存在,不同收入群體面臨的購買力壓力各不相同。

本輪通膨反彈與2022年的情形有相似之處-地緣政治推高油價,進而輸入至美國國內通膨。不同之處在於,目前就業市場並未過熱,工資增速延續放緩,並未形成工資-物價的螺旋傳導。這意味著,一旦油價回落,通膨可能隨之快速下降。通膨什麼時候見頂,取決於中東局勢是否出現實質緩和以及油價能否持續回落等。

上週五,美國5月非農就業數據以17.2萬人的強勁表現改寫了市場對聯準會利率路徑的定價,利率期貨市場預計聯準會在12月收緊政策的機率為68.4%。在非農就業超預期強勁後,如果CPI也超預期,就業強+通膨高的組合將迫使聯準會認真考慮升息,屆時”年內升息”將從”可能”變為”大概率”。但如果CPI意外溫和:市場可能重新評估升息的緊迫性,認為非農業的強勁只是噪音,升息預期可能出現部分回吐。

上週五非農公佈後,美股遭遇全線重挫。市場情緒脆弱,意味著數據帶來的潛在波動率將維持高位。本週CPI數據若超預期,可能引發新一輪拋售。但經過上週五的劇烈調整,部分恐慌情緒已釋放。機構認為AI產業趨勢仍未改變,半導體等前期領漲方向動能邊際放緩,而周期與軟體等相對低位板塊已有穩定跡象。如果通膨沒有明顯超預期,美股可能獲得緩釋的空間。

美元近期受到升息預期增強的提振,若CPI超預期,升息預期進一步鞏固,美元可望維持強勢。若CPI溫和,美元可能回吐部分漲幅,但如果”年內降息”選項已經完全出局,在美債收益率獲得提振的情況下,則意味著美元下行空間有限。

近期聯準會的升息預期讓黃金承壓累加,升息預期升溫推高名目利率,導致實質利率走高,對無息資產黃金構成直接壓力。本週稍早黃金一度完全回吐年初以來的全部漲幅,如果CPI超預期,升息預期強化,黃金可能進一步考驗3月份低點,指向4100美元下方。但如果CPI不如預期,黃金在低位獲得買盤支撐而反彈,則可望重新指向4,400美元範圍。

免責聲明:本文所呈現觀點,情境推演及市場研判,僅供讀者參考與交流之用,不構成任何形式的投資建議、買賣建議或對任何金融產品的推薦

關於作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亞太區首席分析師,在全球外匯及投資市場擁有逾 20 年的經驗。他畢業於迪肯大學(Deakin University),主修金融與經濟學,並曾在多家領先的外匯經紀公司擔任高級管理職位。

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