差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

低迷經濟或限制英央行加息幅度,英鎊仍面臨下行風險

8月4日晚,英國央行即將公佈利率決議,市場預計此次英央行將加息50個基點,也有部分人士認為僅會加息25個基點。英國央行行長Andrew Bailey對媒體稱,雖然“沒有鎖定”本週加息50個基點,但這會是英央行週四晚的討論選項之一。

早前英國國家統計局發布數據顯示,英國6月消費者價格指數(CPI)同比上漲9.4%,再創40年來新高。市場擔憂的是通脹上行的步伐會持續,如加息步伐不如市場所料的50個基點那麼大,可能會令英鎊進一步回落。

當前製約英鎊的因素較多,還不能確定加息就會對英鎊帶來提振作用。首先,市場對於英國經濟的前景較為悲觀,受高通脹、俄烏戰爭及疫情等因素的負面影響,國際貨幣基金組織已經對市場警告說,英國2023年將成為G7最富裕經濟體中增長最慢的國家,它預測英國2023年的增長將降至0.5%,遠低於4月份預測的1.2%。這直接會讓英國接下來加息的幅度受限,加上異常高的通脹水平讓英國經濟受到衝擊,如果再大幅加息,會加劇英國經濟走向衰退。

其次,英國的通脹水平仍可能會繼續上漲,雖然目前其通脹水平已經超過了美國和歐元區。英國能源監管機構Ofgem早前提出,更頻繁地調整價格上限水平,將有助於消費者更快地從批發價格下降中獲益。但是,這也會令更高的價格更快體現在賬單中,加上俄羅斯方面收緊供應令能源價格居高不下,尤其是隨後冬季天然氣使用高峰的來臨,令市場認為英國未來的通脹水平還會繼續飆升,對經濟的衝擊會持續。

此外,如果大幅加息可能會增加英國的償債壓力,雖然暫時並不會導致債務危機,但是會影響英國消費者的信心,為英鎊帶來負面作用。英國首相選舉也是市場關心的焦點,尤其是兩位候選人對控制通脹的觀點值得關注,但是這個政治因素對英鎊整體的影響不大且較為短暫,主要還是取決於近期美元的表現。

總體上看,英鎊的短期的下行風險仍然較大,很難說加息會為英鎊帶來上行機會,加上受到經濟衰退風險的限制,此次加息幅度也可能會不如預期。如果英央行非常明確表明鷹派的立場,並且選擇加息50個基點,英鎊可能受到短期的提振。

不過,加息之後英國經濟數據的表現也同樣是投資者需要關注的,更高的借貸利率是否會拖累經濟繼續下行、通脹是否得到緩解,相關數據的出爐都可能會對英鎊形成後續的壓力。

英鎊的走勢受到美元的牽制,美國本週會公佈一系列經濟數據,體現美聯儲連續大幅加息之後經濟的反映,美元的前景還存在較大不確定性。尤其是本周美國的非農數據將出爐,若就業市場數據好於預期,可能支持美聯儲後續強硬加息的態度,使美元重拾上升動力,從而也會令英鎊等其他國家的貨幣承壓。

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