差價合約是複雜的金融交易產品,可帶來由槓桿作用而導致迅速虧損的高風險。 大部分的零售投資者帳戶在跟交易差價合約時錄得資金虧損。您應當考慮您是否充分明白差價合約如何運作,以及您是否能承受您的資金損失的高風險。

沃什聽證會臨近,美伊戰事持續:黃金、原油繼續“兩邊走”

在新的一週到來之際,美伊局勢再度緊張。美國週日宣布已扣押一艘試圖突破封鎖的伊朗貨船,伊朗方面隨即表示將報復。與此同時,美國總統川普週五發出威脅:除非能在周三前達成結束戰爭的長期協議,否則他可能會終止與伊朗的停火。昨日最新消息稱,伊朗伊朗考慮赴巴與美國和談,但是仍不確定,在明日為期兩週的停火協議到期前,投資者仍關注是否會延長現有協議。

受此影響,此前因停火預期而反彈的黃金價格在周一盤中轉跌,亞市盤中一度抹去了上週的全部漲幅。同時,石油和天然氣價格一度飆升後部分回吐,美股三大指數則在高位暫緩。

最新發生的事件危及了本週在伊斯蘭堡舉行的潛在和平談判的前景。川普一方面表示他看到了達成協議的機會,一方面又威脅要摧毀伊朗的發電廠和橋樑。德黑蘭方面則表示,沒有「明確的」進行富有成效的談判的前景。近幾週來,未能達成持久的外交協議以結束戰爭,加劇了市場波動,而最新事件再次凸顯了將於週二到期的停火協議的脆弱性。

曠日持久的衝突引發了前所未有的能源供應衝擊。根據分析師和路透社計算,自伊朗戰爭爆發近50天以來,全球已有價值超過500億美元的原油未能產出。根據Kpler的數據,自2月底危機爆發以來,已有超過5億桶原油和凝析油從全球市場中消失——這是近代史上最大規模的能源供應中斷。即便霍爾木茲海峽能重新開放,科威特和伊拉克的重質油田也需要四到五個月才能恢復正常生產水平,區域能源基礎設施的完全恢復可能需要數年時間。

黃金與原油走勢為何分化?

原油由實物供需所驅動,當前500億美元產值的原油從市場消失,供給衝擊是“既成事實”,價格有實物支撐;通脹預期本身不直接壓製油價,供給短缺是實打實的。
黃金由實際利率+美元驅動:受美元指數走強(避險資金流入美元)和降息預期降溫雙重壓制;通膨反彈→聯準會無法降息甚至可能升息→實際利率維持高位→持有黃金的機會成本上升→金價承壓。

市場對“戰爭持續性”的定價差異:債券市場已從“完全定價不降息”回歸到“50%降息機率”,表明市場認為戰爭引發的通膨可能是“暫時性”的。這種預期對原油(實物短缺持續)影響有限,但對黃金(對利率預期敏感)影響顯著。

只要戰爭未失控,黃金短期仍將受美元和利率預期壓制;原油則有實物供需支撐,表現相對堅挺。黃金的突破性上漲需要「滯膨深化」這個條件——即通膨持續走高而經濟成長同步放緩,迫使聯準會在「抗通膨」與「保增長」之間陷入更深的矛盾。

目前美伊衝突已從「閃電戰」演變為消耗戰,5億桶原油從全球市場消失,能源供應中斷規模創史上最。美國手中缺乏能夠快速結束戰爭的底牌,而即將到期的停火協議使局勢更加脆弱。在此背景下,債券交易員認為下一個催化劑將來自國會山莊——被川普提名為聯準會主席人選的凱文·沃什即將面臨質詢。沃什的聽證會將成為短期最關鍵的事件:他的聲明將決定市場對2026年降息路徑的定價,並直接影響短期美債殖利率和美元走勢。

沃什聽證會對黃金和原油的影響
情境A:沃什明確“放鴿”:強調生產率提升對利率的下行壓力,將戰爭引發的通脹定性為“暫時性”,對今年晚些時候降息持開放態度,則短期美債收益率下行,降息押注上升,美元走弱,對黃金利多,對需原油主導有限(實物供需)

情境B:沃什強調通膨警惕:強調通膨仍高於2%目標,油價上漲帶來上行風險,表示需要“在更長時間內保持較高利率”,則短期美債收益率上行,降息押注回落,美元走強,對黃金利空。

情境C:沃什保持平衡,不做明確承諾:承認通膨風險,但不對利率路徑給出明確指引,強調「依賴數據」:則短期波動有限,市場繼續從後續經濟數據中尋找線索,黃金和原油:維持當前分化格局。

歷史回顧與總結:戰爭、油價與聯準會政策的法則

機構研究顯示,自1985年以來,每任美國總統在中東發動軍事行動後,都出現了聯準會寬鬆週期:

但這模式發生在「通膨相對可控」的時期。 2026年的特殊性在於:3月CPI已反彈至3.3%,通膨約束遠強於以往。

目前,聯準會陷入兩難:一方面,5億桶原油消失帶來的供給衝擊是實打實的;另一方面,3.3%的通膨率限制了降息空間。沃什需要在「對抗通膨的可信度」與「回應政治壓力」之間尋找平衡。對於黃金與原油的走勢分化,核心判斷是:只要戰爭未失控,黃金短期仍將受美元和利率預期壓制,原油則有實物供需支撐,表現相對堅挺,黃金的突破性上漲需要「滯脹深化」這一條件。本週面對4月22日停火到期以及沃什聽證會,市場波動將顯著加劇,追漲殺跌風險較高。若局勢如機構預測的“邊打邊談”,未來一段時間全球資產很可能維持在寬幅區間內震盪,直到出現新的決定性力量來打破僵局。

本文所呈現觀點,情境推演及市場研判,僅供讀者參考與交流之用,不構成任何形式的投資建議、買賣建議或對任何金融產品的推薦。

關於作者

 

Martin Lam 是 ATFX 亞太區首席分析師,在全球外匯及投資市場擁有逾 20 年的經驗。他畢業於迪肯大學(Deakin University),主修金融與經濟學,並曾在多家領先的外匯經紀公司擔任高級管理職位。

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